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產品編號	bs-2188R
英文名稱	Rabbit　Anti-GAPDH (Loading Control)　antibody
中文名稱	3-磷酸甘油醛脫氫酶（內參）抗體
別　　　　名	38 kDa BFA-dependent ADP-ribosylation substrate; Aging-associated gene 9 protein; BARS-38; cb609; EC 1.2.1.12; G3PD; G3PDH; GAPD; Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase; Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase liver; Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase muscle; KNC-NDS6; MGC102544; MGC102546; MGC103190; MGC103191; MGC105239; MGC127711; MGC88685; OCAS, p38 component; OCT1 coactivator in S phase, 38-KD component; wu:fb33a10.
	Specific References　　(209)　　　　　\|　　　　　bs-2188R has been referenced in 209 publications. [IF=20.693]　Pei Dai. et al. Gimap5 promoted RSV degradation through interaction with M6PR. J MED VIROL. 2022 Dec;:　　WB　;　　Human.　　 PubMed:36484389 [IF=18.027]　Ziyi Mai. et al. Carrier-Free Immunotherapeutic Nano-Booster with Dual Synergistic Effects Based on Glutaminase Inhibition Combined with Photodynamic Therapy. ACS NANO. 2023;XXXX(XXX):XXX-XXX　　WB　;　　Mouse.　　 PubMed:36595443 [IF=16.988]　Wu Yutong. et al. Osteoclast-Derived Apoptotic Bodies Inhibit Naive Cd8 T Cell Activation via Siglec15 Promoting Breast Cancer Secondary Metastasis. Cell Reports Medicine. 2022 Nov 03　　WB　;　　Mouse.　　 PubMed:10.2139/ssrn.4255228 [IF=15.304]　Sitong Liu. et al. MRI-visible mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles with enhanced antioxidant capacity for osteoarthritis therapy. BIOMATERIALS. 2023 Apr;295:122030　　WB　;　　Mouse.　　 PubMed:36758340 [IF=14.26]　Mi Bai. et al. LONP1 targets HMGCS2 to protect mitochondrial function and attenuate chronic kidney disease. EMBO MOL MED. 2023 Jan 11　　WB　;　　Human,Mouse.　　 PubMed:36629048 [IF=13.281]　Yufei Liu. et al. Inflammation-Stimulated MSC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicle miR-27b-3p Regulates Macrophages by Targeting CSF-1 to Promote Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Regeneration. 2022 Mar 11　　WB　;　　Human.　　 PubMed:10.1002/smll.202107354 [IF=12.479]　Xiao-Tao He. et al. Role of molybdenum in material immunomodulation and periodontal wound healing: Targeting immunometabolism and mitochondrial function for macrophage modulation. Biomaterials. 2022 Apr;283:121439　　WB　;　　Mouse.　　 PubMed:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121439 [IF=10.723]　Jing Han. et al. Nano-elemental selenium particle developed via supramolecular self-assembly of chondroitin sulfate A and Na2SeO3 to repair cartilage lesions. CARBOHYD POLYM. 2023 Sep;316:121047　　WB　;　　Human.　　 PubMed:37321739 [IF=10.684]　Chen Zhang. et al. The novel hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel attenuates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting the TLR-2/NF-κB signaling pathway through suppressing cellular senescence. BIOENG TRANSL MED. 2022 Dec;:e10475　　WB　;　　Mouse.　　 PubMed:10.1002/btm2.10475 [IF=10.588]　Jianzhao Liao. et al. Mitochondrial miR-1285 regulates copper-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy by impairing IDH2 in pig jejunal epithelial cells. J Hazard Mater. 2022 Jan;422:126899　　WB　;　　Pig.　　 PubMed:34418838 [IF=10.435]　Zhang, Yin. et al. Overexpression of lncRNAs with endogenous lengths and functions using a lncRNA delivery system based on transposon. J Nanobiotechnol. 2021 Dec;19(1):1-17　　WB　;　　Human.　　 PubMed:34600532 [IF=10.383]　Peiyang Gu. et al. Tailorable 3DP Flexible Scaffolds with Porosification of Filaments Facilitate Cell Ingrowth and Biomineralized Deposition. ACS APPL MATER INTER. 2022;XXXX(XXX):XXX-XXX　　WB　;　　Mouse.　　 PubMed:35829709 [IF=9.988]　Jia-Xin Wang. et al. Heme-oxygenase-1 as a target for phthalate-induced cardiomyocytes ferroptosis. ENVIRON POLLUT. 2023 Jan;317:120717　　WB　;　　Mouse.　　 PubMed:36423886 [IF=8.568]　Hanyue Li. et al. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mediates the therapeutic effects of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells in experimental periodontitis by modulating macrophages through the kynurenine-AhR-NRF2 pathway. MOL METAB. 2022 Oct;:101617　　WB　;　　Human.　　 PubMed:36270612 [IF=7.901]　Lin S et al. Strategy for hypertrophic scar therapy: Improved delivery of triamcinolone acetonide using mechanically robust tip-concentrated dissolving microneedle array. J Control Release. 2019 May 27;306:69-82.　　WB　;　　Rabbit.　　 PubMed:31145948 [IF=7.901]　Zhang N et al. Polypeptide-engineered DNA tetrahedrons for targeting treatment of colorectal cancer via apoptosis and autophagy. J Control Release. 2019 Jul 10;309:48-58.　　WB　;　　Human.　　 PubMed:31301339 [IF=7.901]　Z Wang et al. Tyrosine modified irinotecan-loaded liposomes capable of simultaneously targeting LAT1 and ATB0,+ for efficient tumor therapy. J Control Release. 2019 Dec 28;316:22-33.　　WB　;　　Human.　　 PubMed:31676386 [IF=7.243]　Fanchun Zeng. et al. Antagonizing exosomal miR-18a-5p derived from prostate cancer cells ameliorates metastasis-induced osteoblastic lesions by targeting Hist1h2bc and activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. GENES DIS. 2022 Jul;:　　WB　;　　Mouse.　　 PubMed:10.1016/j.gendis.2022.06.007 [IF=7.129]　Huanliang Liu. et al. Different exposure modes of PM2.5 induces bronchial asthma and fibrosis in male rats through macrophage activation and immune imbalance induced by TIPE2 methylation. ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE. 2022 Dec;247:114200　　WB　;　　Rat, Human.　　 PubMed:36274320 [IF=7.109]　Wu Yutong. et al. Reduced osteoclast-derived apoptotic bodies in bone marrow characterizes the pathological progression of osteoporosis. CELL DEATH DISCOV. 2023 Apr;9(1):1-9　　WB　;　　Mouse.　　 PubMed:37185334 [IF=6.796]　Tingting Ku. et al. Cardiac energy metabolism disorder mediated by energy substrate imbalance and mitochondrial damage upon tebuconazole exposure. J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA. 2022 Oct;:　　WB　;　　Mouse.　　 PubMed:10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.012 [IF=6.706]　Min Fu. et al. Mechanisms of Sodium/Iodide Symporter-Mediated Mammary Gland Iodine Compensation during Lactation. NUTRIENTS. 2022 Jan;14(17):3592　　WB　;　　Rat.　　 PubMed:10.3390/nu14173592 [IF=6.543]　Xiao Chuanpi. et al. High Temperature-Induced Oxidative Stress Affects Systemic Zinc Homeostasis in Broilers by Regulating Zinc Transporters and Metallothionein in the Liver and Jejunum. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:1427335　　WB　;　　Broiler Chicks.　　 PubMed:35387265 [IF=6.4]　Bowei Chen. et al. iRGD Tumor-Penetrating Peptide-Modified Nano-Delivery System Based on a Marine Sulfated Polysaccharide for Enhanced Anti-Tumor Efficiency Against Breast Cancer. Int J Nanomed. 2022 Feb;17:617-633　　WB　;　　Mouse.　　 PubMed:35173433 [IF=6.317]　Mubai Sun. et al. Black bean husk and black rice anthocyanin extracts modulated gut microbiota and serum metabolites for improvement in type 2 diabetic rats. FOOD FUNCT. 2022 Jun;:　　WB　;　　Rat.　　 PubMed:35730792 [IF=6.306]　Zhou P et al. Histamine-4 receptor antagonist JNJ7777120 inhibits pro-inflammatory microglia and prevents the progression of Parkinson-like pathology and behaviour in a rat model.(2018)Brain Behav. Immun. Nov 05.　　WB　;　　Rat.　　 PubMed:30408497 [IF=6.304]　Zhongjian Yu. et al. Circ-HMGA2 (hsa_circ_0027446) promotes the metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lung adenocarcinoma cells through the miR-1236-3p/ZEB1 axis. Cell Death Dis. 2021 Mar;12(4):1-13　　WB　;　　Human.　　 PubMed:33762580 [IF=6.217]　Wang L et al. Zoledronic acid inhibits the growth of cancer stem cell derived from cervical cancer cell by attenuating their stemness phenotype and inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through the Erk1/2 and Akt pathways. J Exp Clin?Cancer?Res.?2019 Feb 21;38(1):93.　　WB　;　　Mouse.　　 PubMed:30791957 [IF=6.208]　Yongqiang Sha. et al. Dehydrocorydaline Accelerates Cell Proliferation and Extracellular Matrix Synthesis of TNFα-Treated Human Chondrocytes by Targeting Cox2 through JAK1-STAT3 Signaling Pathway. INT J MOL SCI. 2022 Jan;23(13):7268　　WB　;　　Human.　　 PubMed:35806272 [IF=6.208]　Xiangqi Hao. et al. Canine Circovirus Suppresses the Type I Interferon Response and Protein Expression but Promotes CPV-2 Replication. INT J MOL SCI. 2022 Jan;23(12):6382　　WB　;　　Cat.　　 PubMed:35742826
產品類型	內參抗體
研究領域	免疫學
抗體來源	Rabbit
克隆類型	Polyclonal
交叉反應	Rat,Mouse,Human (predicted: Rabbit)
產品應用	WB=1:10000-200000, IHC-P=1:100-500, IHC-F=1:100-500, IF=1:100-500 not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
理論分子量	37kDa
細胞定位	細胞核　細胞漿　細胞膜
性　　　　狀	Liquid
濃　　　　度	1mg/ml
免　疫　原	GAPDH protein of rabbit
亞　　　　型	IgG
純化方法	affinity purified by Protein A
緩　沖　液	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
保存條件	Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
注意事項	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
PubMed	PubMed
產品介紹	Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is well known as one of the key enzymes involved in glycolysis. As well as functioning as a glycolytic enzyme in cytoplasm, recent evidence suggests that mammalian GAPDH is also involved in a great number of intracellular proceses such as membrane fusion, microtubule bundling, phosphotransferase activity, nuclear RNA export, DNA replication, and DNA repair. During the last decade a lot of data appeared concerning the role of GAPDH in different pathologies including prostate cancer progression, programmed neuronal cell death, age related neuronal diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. GAPDH is expressed in all cells. It is constitutively expressed in almost all tissues at high levels. There are however some physiological factors such as hypoxia and diabetes that increase GAPDH expression in certain cell types. GAPDH molecule is composed of four 38kDa subunits. Function: Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Subunit: Homotetramer. Interacts with TPPP; the interaction is direct. Interacts (when S-nitrosylated) with SIAH1; leading to nuclear translocation. Interacts with RILPL1/GOSPEL, leading to prevent the interaction between GAPDH and SIAH1 and prevent nuclear translocation. Interacts with EIF1AD, USP25, PRKCI and WARS. Subcellular Location: Cytoplasm, cytosol. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Membrane. Note=Translocates to the nucleus following S-nitrosylation and interaction with SIAH1, which contains a nuclear localization signal. Postnuclear and Perinuclear regions. Post-translational modifications: S-nitrosylation of Cys-152 leads to interaction with SIAH1, followed by translocation to the nucleus. ISGylated (Probable). Sulfhydration at Cys-152 increases catalytic activity. Similarity: Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family. SWISS: P04406 Gene ID: 100009074 Database links: Entrez Gene: 493876 Cat Entrez Gene: 374193 Chicken Entrez Gene: 403755 Dog Entrez Gene: 2597 Human Entrez Gene: 100042025 Mouse Entrez Gene: 14433 Mouse Entrez Gene: 396823 Pig Entrez Gene: 100009074 Rabbit Entrez Gene: 24383 Rat Entrez Gene: 685186 Rat Entrez Gene: 380259 Xenopus laevis Entrez Gene: 448356 Xenopus tropicalis Entrez Gene: 317743 Zebrafish Omim: 138400 Human SwissProt: Cat SwissProt: P00356 Chicken SwissProt: Q28259 Dog SwissProt: P70685 Guinea pig SwissProt: P04406 Human SwissProt: P16858 Mouse SwissProt: P00355 Pig SwissProt: P46406 Rabbit SwissProt: P04797 Rat SwissProt: P51469 Xenopus laevis SwissProt: Q5XJ10 Zebrafish Unigene: 544577 Human Unigene: 592355 Human Unigene: 598320 Human Unigene: 304088 Mouse Unigene: 309092 Mouse Unigene: 317779 Mouse Unigene: 343110 Mouse Unigene: 392463 Mouse Unigene: 392480 Mouse Unigene: 414470 Mouse Unigene: 458138 Mouse Unigene: 458416 Mouse Unigene: 475698 Mouse Unigene: 129558 Rat Unigene: 91450 Rat Unigene: 995 Xenopus laevis Unigene: 35640 Zebrafish 甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶（Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase，GAPDH）是糖酵解（glycolysis）過程中的關鍵酶。除了在胞質中作為糖酵解的酶以外，有證據表明哺乳動物細胞中的GAPDH參與了多種胞內生化過程，包括膜融合（membrane fusion）、微管成束（microtubule bundling）、磷酸轉移酶（phosphotransferase）激活、核內RNA出核、DNA復制與DNA修復。一些生理因素，諸如低氧（hypoxia）和尿糖（diabetes），可以增加GAPDH在特定細胞中的表達。GAPDH存在于幾乎所有的組織中，以高水平持續表達。 GAPDH（甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶）是參與糖酵解的一種關鍵酶，由4個30－40kDa的亞基組成。
產品圖片	Sample: Lane 1: Cerebellum (Mouse) Lysate Lane 2: Raw264.7 (Mouse) Cell Lysate Lane 3: NIH/3T3 (Mouse) Cell Lysate Lane 4: Cerebrum (Rat) Lysate Lane 5: SH-SY5Y (Human) Cell Lysate Lane 6: MCF-7 (Human) Cell Lysate Primary: Anti-GAPDH (bs-2188R) at 1/10000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 38 kD Observed band size: 38 kD Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (Mouse brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bs-2188R) at 1:400 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human colon); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH (Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bs-2188R) at 1:100 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human lung carcinoma); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH (Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bs-2188R) at 1:100 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat colon); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH (Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bs-2188R) at 1:100 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse colon); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH (Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bs-2188R) at 1:100 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human gastric carcinoma); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH (Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bs-2188R) at 1:100 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human liver); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH (Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bs-2188R) at 1:100 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human colon); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH (Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bs-2188R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH (Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bs-2188R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH (Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bs-2188R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Tissue/cell: rat brain tissue; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded; Antigen retrieval: citrate buffer ( 0.01M, pH 6.0 ), Boiling bathing for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% Hydrogen peroxide for 30min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum,C-0005) at 37℃ for 20 min; Incubation: Anti-GAPDH Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated(bs-2188R) 1:200, overnight at 4°C, followed by conjugation to the secondary antibody(SP-0023) and DAB(C-0010) staining Tissue/cell: human lung carcinoma; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded; Antigen retrieval: citrate buffer ( 0.01M, pH 6.0 ), Boiling bathing for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% Hydrogen peroxide for 30min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum,C-0005) at 37℃ for 20 min; Incubation: Anti-GAPDH Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated(bs-2188R) 1:200, overnight at 4°C, followed by conjugation to the secondary antibody(SP-0023) and DAB(C-0010) staining Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (Mouse testis); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bs-2188R) at 1:400 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining.